Pollution is any foreign substance or energy that disrupts the natural environment, damaging wildlife and humans. It is most often caused by human activities, but it can also result from natural events such as volcanic eruptions or hurricanes that disturb the marine environment. In addition, humans can create pollution by accident.
Air pollutants can include carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides; hydrocarbons, such as benzene, lead and particulates; and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of these are released into the atmosphere by car exhaust, burning fossil fuels or burning wood or coal. These chemicals contribute to climate change, decrease the amount of oxygen in the air and cause lung diseases such as chronic coughing and rhinitis. They are particularly dangerous for people with underlying illnesses or children, and can cause a host of other problems including death.
Water pollutants can include sewage, pharmaceuticals, agricultural runoff and pesticides. These can alter the chemical makeup of natural bodies of water and cause illness, disfigurement and even death. Chemicals that enter the water can also harm the ecosystems of lakes, rivers and oceans by interacting with algae and other aquatic plants. Increasing levels of chemicals in the water have contributed to the rise in ocean acidity.
It is important to reduce, reuse and recycle whenever possible to help stop pollution. For example, use reusable grocery bags instead of paper and plastic bags. Avoid using gas-powered small engines like lawn mowers and leaf blowers – they can produce as much pollution in an hour as driving 100 miles! Invest in an electric or push lawn mower. Paint with water-based rather than solvent-based paints. Keep a broom and dustpan at hand to avoid littering. Organize neighborhood cleanups and take part in stream walks or nature walks.