Legislation is the process through which ideas are converted into enforceable legal requirements. It is a complex and time-consuming procedure requiring the input of many individuals, groups, and organizations. Legislation is necessary to meet a variety of needs. These include providing for the funding of government activities, protecting social and economic interests, and setting general policy guidelines. The development of legislation can be influenced by various factors such as the political, practical or economic considerations that affect the time available, the availability of information, and the nature of the problem to be solved.
The legislative process begins with a new policy idea. These ideas often originate from a senator’s own experience or research, an organization representing a group of citizens, or suggestions from constituents. Legislators also receive ideas from other jurisdictions, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and various model laws published by private organizations. Frequently, legislators copy legislation that has proven successful in another state.
After a bill is introduced, the leadership of the Senate or House decides which committee it will be assigned to. Normally, bills are sent to the committee with the most expertise in the subject matter of the bill. The committee studies the bill and may amend it, pass it or send it back to the full chamber with a report. The bill is then read the first time in the chamber of origin and the leader decides when to schedule it for the next recitation on the calendar (the second reading).
If a bill passes both houses of the legislature in identical form, it becomes law. If a bill is passed by both houses, but the executive refuses to sign it, the President can issue a veto message explaining why he or she disagrees with the legislation.